The Mudhafaria Minaret

Historical Background - The Mudhafaria Minaret, also known as the Choli Minaret, was built between 1190 and 1232 AD by Muzaffar Al-Din Abu Sa'eed Al-Kawkaboori, the leading emir and general of Sultan Saladin and ruler of Erbil, during the reign of Saladin.

Structure - The minaret stands 36 meters high and features a high octagonal base and a tall cylindrical shaft. It is decorated with interlocking diagonal Hazar-Baf motifs and Kufi calligraphy.

Construction - Built from baked bricks, the minaret's base is adorned with two tiers of niches with pointed arches. The balcony parapet is carved with twenty-four small niches.

Cultural Significance - The minaret is a symbol of Erbil's historical and cultural heritage, representing the city's golden age under Sultan Muzaffar's rule.

Current State - The minaret is located in Minare Park, a public garden designed around it. It has been renovated to prevent collapse and is a popular tourist attraction.


Architectural Features

Base and Shaft - The minaret has a high octagonal base and a tall cylindrical shaft. The base is decorated with two tiers of niches with pointed arches.

Materials - Constructed from baked bricks, the minaret features intricate designs and Kufi calligraphy.

Decorative Elements - The shaft is adorned with interlocking diagonal Hazar-Baf motifs, separated by thin bands.

Access Points - The minaret has an eastern door leading to the balcony and a small door giving access to steps inside the cylindrical shaft.

Balcony - The balcony parapet is carved with twenty-four small niches, adding to the minaret's intricate design.


Historical Context

Era of Construction - Built between 1190 and 1232 AD during the reign of Saladin, the minaret signifies a period of growth and stability in Erbil.

Sultan Muzaffar - The minaret was commissioned by Muzaffar Al-Din Abu Sa'eed Al-Kawkaboori, who ruled Erbil and was a brother-in-law to Saladin.

Golden Age - The construction of the minaret marked a golden era for Erbil, with the establishment of a mosque, schools, and the Qaysari Bazaar.

Cultural Impact - The minaret is a testament to the architectural and cultural advancements of the time.

Decline and Preservation - After Sultan Muzaffar's reign, the minaret survived various attacks and natural disasters, and it has been preserved as a historical monument.


Religious and Cultural Importance

The minaret served as a place from which the call to prayer (adhan) was announced. It also symbolized the spread of Islam in the region and reflected the Islamic architectural advancements of the time.


Tourist Information

Location - The Mudhafaria Minaret is situated in Minare Park on the west side of Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

Visiting Hours - The park is open to visitors throughout the day, and the minaret can be viewed at any time.

Admission - There is no specific admission fee to visit the minaret, as it is located within a public park.

Park Features - Minare Park offers a relaxing environment with green spaces, making it a popular spot for both locals and tourists.

Photography - The minaret is a popular subject for photography due to its historical significance and architectural beauty.